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Osteopathy is a holistic, drug-free, non-invasive, hands-on therapy that aims to restore function of the body by correcting bone, joint, muscle, and fascial restrictions through manipulation and alignment of the musculoskeletal system.
The focus of osteopathy is not on treating symptoms, but rather the root cause of symptoms. Manual osteopaths understand how each structure is connected to the next, and work to promote harmony across all bodily systems.
In its natural state of well-being, the human body has an inherent ability to self-heal and self-regulate. This process is controlled by activity of the nervous system (nerves), circulatory system (blood), and lymphatic system (fluid), which deliver nutrients and other important molecules into the cells. When restrictions form in the body, there is a loss of function in these systems, leading to disease states such as: pain, inflammation, spasm, degeneration, and loss of sensation. Osteopathy thus uses guided and purposeful techniques to remove these restrictions and provide pain relief for patients looking to improve their well-being.
Your practitioner will spend the first visit reviewing your health history with you, performing a physical assessment, and treating your body based on the osteopathic diagnosis. While the first visit lasts an hour, subsequent visits can last anywhere from 30 - 60 minutes depending on the severity of your condition and preference. We recommend that you wear anything that is comfortable and flexible, so the practitioner can move your joints through their full range of motion.
Many osteopathy patients feel immediate pain relief following the first visit, however, others may require 3 - 12 visits before experiencing a significant improvement. This patient to patient variation is normal, and will depend on your age, level of dysfunction, physical fitness, and pre-existing conditions; please feel free to bring in X-rays, MRIs, and other medical diagnoses to our Mississauga or Etobicoke locations to review with your practitioner.
A joint is the point at which two or more bones connect to create motion. When a manual osteopath uses pressure to move joint surfaces through their ranges of motion, it is considered mobilization (not to be confused with adjustment, which usually includes a thrust and subsequent 'popping' sound). Mobilization has been shown to increase joint mobility and provide pain relief by relieving unnatural pressure on the nerves and muscles. Patients often report the sensation of 'feel-good pain' during mobilization.
In many cases of pain and injury, tight muscles and body stiffness prevent the body from healing. In these situations, passive stretching (where the practitioner does all the work) has limited effectiveness as the body is unable to relax and allow for full range of motion to occur. Muscle energy techniques solve this issue through inhibition of the tense muscle. When a muscle is first contracted against a force, the contraction elicits a response from the muscle's tendon to reduce tension and allow the muscle to be stretched effectively.
When the body develops restrictions such as inflammation or spasm, the underlying soft tissue structures lose function and become stiff. Examples of these structures include: muscle, ligaments, tendons, fascia, and blood vessels. The light and deep pressures that osteopathy uses to assess and release the soft tissue not only increases dopamine, serotonin, and endorphin release throughout the body, but also reduces tension that may prevent pain relief from occurring.
Many people present with musculoskeletal symptoms of pain and discomfort, but oftentimes, these issues are made worse by dysfunction of our organs and viscera. Osteopathy takes a deeper look into the body by assessing mobility and motility of the: stomach, liver, diaphragm, kidneys, intestines, pancreas, spleen, bladder, and uterus. Manipulation of the inner organs and viscera has been shown to correct fascial restrictions in the abdomen, which improves: motion of associated joints, blood flow, emotional stress, and pain relief.
The spinal bones and cranial bones all present with a subtle and unique motion that occurs with the body's natural rhythm. Manual osteopaths undergo training to become sensitive to this rhythm in order to assess the function of the axial skeleton (skull and spine), and its contents (nerves and cerebrospinal fluid). Cranial techniques are used to restore the mobility of cranial and spinal bones, alleviating symptoms of nerve dysfunction related to pain, and improving circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, which is responsible for removing waste products from the brain.
When a dysfunctional area is brought towards its position of ease, we refer to the motion as 'indirect', since it does not involve any direct pressures or painful end-feel. Once this position is achieved, tenderness diminishes completely, creating a comfortable position that is held for 90 seconds. Positional release technique creates the sensation of lengthening and relaxation in the muscles, which decreases muscle tone, and reduces initial pain and tenderness by 70-100%. Patients often describe the sensation as 'magical' due to its fast acting effect.
"When every part of the machine is correctly adjusted and in perfect harmony, health will hold dominion over the human organism by laws as natural and immutable as the laws of gravity."
- Andrew Taylor Still (Founder of Osteopathy)
Cranial osteopathy for chronic pain: a systematic review and met-analysis of randomized controlled trials
https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-019-3017-y
Osteopathic manual therapy versus therapeutic exercises in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized, controlled, and double-blind study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31658037
Visceral osteopathy for low back pain, assessing kidney mobility and fascial restriction: a randomized controlled trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22703751
Osteopathic manipulative treatment in tension headaches https://www.cureus.com/articles/45718
Osteopathic manual treatment versus osteopathy in the cranial field in treatment of temporomandibular (jaw) disorders - a pilot study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28029069
The effects of manual therapy on the diaphragm in asthmatic patients: a randomized pilot study https://www.journalofosteopathicmedicine.com/article/S1746-0689(17)30151-7/fulltext
This section aims to highlight the most common concerns patients present with, but it is important to note that the articles linked above only represent a small portion of all available research on the benefits of osteopathic manual therapy.
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